Fine extraction is a practice in coalbed methane management by using extraction data for obtaining a high yield. When extracting coalbed methane on ground, mining coal leads to a decrease in strata energy, and a fast falling in case pressure, which needs fine extraction to secure ground extraction for a stable production. This paper, based on a case study on Xiandao-1 well in Shiquan coal mine, studies its structure, buried depth and strata pressure, and compares its geology with surrounding basin of coalbed methane, analyzes its fracturing features and conducts fine extraction management, providing references for later mass ground extraction. Five steps are planned, setting up objective of daily production up to 400 cubic meters over 30 days, understanding its occurrence and under-pressured features, conducting extraction gas-water evolution characters, planning “balanced water production stage (no gas release), controlling well bottom fluid pressure stage, stably increasing production stage, and declining stage”, controlling well bottom pressure to balance strata pressure and then to determine critical releasing pressure and water point, releasing point, gas releasing point and stably producing point. Emergency measures are also prepared through three groups in managing the process, site group, research group and decision group. A real-time response and linked decision-making strategy bring a daily gas production from 100, 200, 400, 600 and up to 1 041 cubic meters in two months. Fine extraction management is the key means for such an achievement. Mass ground gas extraction requires planning, emergency measures and flowchart, which are vital technical guarantees to ensure a good production.

Manufacturing is a vital basis for entity economy, and is China’s major industry in employment as well. In order to mitigate Jiangsu’s employment issue and to realize an ordered manufacturing, this paper, based on Jiangsu’s 317 thousand companies’ data, estimates their employees in its prefectures, counties and in different sectors, analyzes its spatial distribution, locality variance and sector difference of employment capacity, and applies multiple linear regression model to study the impacts of land ownership, sector features and other factors on manufacturing’s employment capacity. Jiangsu’s manufacturing has a large employment capacity, higher in state-owned land than in collective land. Employment capacity of Jiangsu’s manufacturing varies geographically, in a decreasing trend from south to north, both in state-owned land and collective land. Employment capacity of high-tech and strategic new manufacturing is far above Jiangsu’s average. Manufacturing in state-owned land, of high-tech and of new strategy, as well as taxation, sales income and land capacity, has an outstandingly positive impact on employment capacity, while regional economic development has a little impact. This paper presents suggestions on optimizing manufacturing layout to fulfill resources’ advantages, promoting a rational allocation among capital, labor and technology, playing a leading role of manufacturing in state-owned land, high-tech and new strategic industries, minimizing the gap of manufacturing’s employment capacity on the basis of innovative development strategy.

Yangtze River economic zone, as China’s key strategic zone, is closely related to national development by its ecological restoration and resources use. Jiangsu’s chemical industry, an intensive polluting and resources-depleting industry, needs to properly handle industrial development and resources & environmental protection, which is of significance to protect Yangtze River and realize carbon reduction. This paper establishes a multiple-objective optimization model of chemical industry under dual constraints of carbon reduction and water ecological carrying capacity, and applies NSGA-II-VIKOR algorithm to discuss the way to adjust Jiangsu’s chemical industrial structure. Balanced development scenario, compared with low-carbon, water-saving and economic development scenarios, can save water of 998.48×10⁴  m3 , reduce carbon emission intensity by 4.27%, and make GDP rising rate up to 4.73% on the basis of benchmark year 2017. Water resources are used efficiently and carbon emission is largely reduced, while economy gains high-quality development. Chemical industrial structure needs to be adjusted through developing rubber and plastics, limiting petroleum processing, coking coal and nuclear fuel processing, using water-saving and carbon-reducing measures in chemical fiber manufacturing. Optimization of chemical industry needs to promote clean energy and reform energy consuming structure, with coal use down by 5.54% and gas & electricity use up by 5.45%. Water resources allocation should be consistent with industrial structural adjustment, which can save water by 9.8% in petroleum processing, coking coal and nuclear fuel processing, and 5.14% in chemical fiber manufacturing, which can be transferred to rubber and plastics sector. This paper presents suggestions on increasing regional ecological carrying capacity to realize high-quality development, establishing clean energy consuming system to raise energy efficiency, developing water-saving industries to materialize a coordinated sustainability in industrial development and water ecology.

As new urbanization rapidly advances, a variety of urban issues begin to emerge, which makes urbanization quality a key point for regional development, marked by a coordination among basic public services, population urbanization and eco-environment. This paper, based on a case study in Hexi area, Gansu province, uses entropy, coupling coordination model to measure comprehensive developing level and coordination of basic public services, population urbanization and eco-environment from 2011 to 2021, and applies obstacle model to study the factors impacting their coupling coordination in Hexi area. Hexi’s sub-systems show a rising trend, and vary with areas. Population urbanization is the fastest and the basic public service is the lowest in increment. Coupling degree of Hexi’s ternary system is larger than 0.900, suggesting a strong interaction and a slowly-rising coupling coordination from low level to medium level. Spatially, coupling coordination from high to low is in the order of Jiayuguan, Jinchang, Zhangye, Jiuquan and Wuwei. In the dual system, coordination is the highest in basic public service-eco-environment which promotes a regional development, lowest in basic public service-population urbanization against a regional development. Obstacle factors of ternary system coordination in Hexi’s five cities vary; the top three are social security and employment, urban infrastructure and health care within the basic public services. The ternary system coordination among basic public services, population urbanization and eco-environment promotes Hexi’s regional economy, but the three are still constraints. This paper presents suggestions on optimizing cities’ positioning, fulfilling resources advantages, boosting infrastructure, intensifying agriculture, developing featured industries and green industries to promote a quality coordinated development in Hexi area.

National Mineral Resources Planning (2016-2020), issued in 2016, lists nickel as strategic mineral. China is the largest nickel consumer, but insufficient in nickel resources with high dependence on external supply. Scientific forecast of raw nickel demand is of significance to secure nickel production and supply chains. This paper uses gray correlation to select China’s stainless steel production, GDP per capita, electroplating market scale, urbanization rate, industrial structure, and new energy vehicle production as driving variables to forecast nickel demand under different scenarios from demand side, and combines gray GM(1, 1) model with BP neural network to construct a GM-BP model based on residual minimization, which is used to forecast China’s nickel demand from 2015 to 2035. This compound model is effective in forecasting non-linear sequence data, with the fitting error smaller than GM(1, 1) model. China’s demand for raw nickel is forecasted at 1 822.2 kt in 2025, 2 720.8 kt in 2030 and 3 951.7 kt in 2035 at an annual rising rate of 4.26% in the 14^th  Five-Year Plan, 10.54% in the 15^th  Five-Year Plan and 9.78% in the 16^th  Five-Year Plan. The rising demand trend for raw nickel will lead to a conflict between its supply and demand. China has to raise its supply capacity and decrease dependence on imports. This paper presents suggestions on upgrading stainless steel industry, optimizing processing and producing new alloy materials, and on boosting nickel exploration and development, and on diversifying import sources, and on supporting Chinese investors’ overseas nickel projects.

Energy consumption transformation is necessary in the new developing era. Energy structure transformation based on new energy is an important part in China’s modernization. This paper, in order to study the impact of China’s new energy industries on economy, compiles new energy economy input/output tables of 2015, 2017, 2018 and 2020. To further analyze the inner connection within new energy industries, this paper uses structural decomposition to estimate endogenous multiplier effect, drawback effect and spillover effect of new energy industries. New energy industrial scale has been increasing, with its added value rate at a high level but its impact less than the average, not strong enough to boost economy. New energy industrial sectors have no strong inner correlation, but they have post-direct correlation with all industrial sectors, including manufacturing and construction under indirect depletion. Static decomposition shows that endogenous multiplier effect, drawback effect and spillover effect of new energy industries are all below the average, among which spillover effect is the major source of its increasing output, but falling in 2020, roughly equal to endogenous multiplier effect’s contribution. The further dynamic decomposition suggests that the major source of increased outputs is stimulated by other sectors’ final demand to its sectors’ final demand and to other new sectors’ final demand. Generally, new energy industries have a rising correlation with other industries. New energy industries are at an upgrading stage. This paper presents suggestions on boosting research and development to intensify its leading role in economy, planning its industrial cluster and linking with such industries as manufacturing and construction, giving supportive policies to increase its sensing capacity. 

Asset values materialization of forest carbon sequestration resources plays a key role in obtaining the pilot objective of collective-owned natural resources asset entrust. This paper, based on a framework of situation-proposal-theory-system, studies how to materialize the asset values of forest carbon sequestration resources, providing reference for stakeholders to gain from ownership. Forest storage expansion method and market value method are used to measure the forest carbon sequestration values balance of China’s recent four times of inventorying forest resources with results showing that the balance is huge and has been steadily increasing, which explains the significance of this study. Governmental public data shows that forest carbon sequestration, owning huge values, can be converted into gains only from a small proportion. Forest administrations largely rely on governmental funding. It is vital to create new model to materialize forest carbon sequestration values, to convert balance into asset gains and to realize stakeholders’ benefits. This paper, based on the core connotation of Marxist dialectical materialism, presents a point of “gain system view” that is macroscopic, linking, and developing design. It equally treats natural resources’ economic values and asset gains, from gains to all-sharing objective. Each key step has been linked to materialize the economic values of forest carbon sequestration resource assets. Based on “gain system view”, this paper constructs the theoretical mechanism of forest carbon sequestration resource assets from overall framework, key steps and guarantees, initially forming a theoretical system which is employed to conduct system construction. Gains can be obtained through market, finance and industries, and suggestions on system optimization are given. Guarantees of gains can be through “interactive-complete entrust”, and also through “collective ownership” in distribution system from three distributions among central government, local government, enterprise and all people. Gain budget and use management should be established to make gain distribution institutional, normalized and public. 

Household as the basic social unit is the major consuming entity. Carbon emission responsibilities established on consumption end are helpful to clarify the stakeholder-based dynamic mechanism for carbon reduction.  The present personal carbon management has a lot of issues, with unclear carbon emission boundary, complex personal carbon trading, personal carbon reduction entangling, and lack of stable management system, which can be resolved if household end as the trading base with urban-rural household carbon account being the core. This paper aims at establishing household carbon account framework on the basis of account range, margin, measurable methods and expandable linkage between urban carbon account and personal carbon sink. This paper summarizes the research situation of personal carbon account and household carbon account, and establishes a urban-rural household carbon account system including three sub-accounts of asset, equity and debits, and determines the measure margin, sampling method and calculation of household carbon account based on China’s featured carbon emission management system. Linkage of urban-rural household carbon account to urban carbon account has been further explained, and its methods have also been designed. Relation between urban-rural household carbon account and  individual carbon inclusion is differentiated. Combination of household carbon account with carbon market, “visible hand” carbon quota market with “invisible hand” carbon reduction equity market provides a new path for household consumption end carbon reduction, which may avoid overlapping responsibilities and easily link to China’s carbon management system. Urban-rural household carbon account can be a vital tool for China’s carbon management and carbon reduction, supporting carbon emission quota allocation, carbon reduction and trading, incentive mechanism design for carbon inclusion and mobilization of multi-level nested carbon reduction systems in cities.

Study on carbon emission factors and scenario prediction of Heilongjiang’s industrial sectors is of significance to reach Heilongjiang’s green low-carbon development under the background of carbon peaking and carbon neutralization. This paper uses IPCC to estimate Heilongjiang’s historical industrial carbon emission, and applies extended STIRPAT model to determine the six variables from population, economy and technology, square of GDP per capita, population scale, gross industrial production, industrial energy consumption, energy consuming efficiency and energy structure, and employes ridge regression to establish a carbon emission factor model by removing the multi-collinearity of independent variables. This paper also studies Heilongjiang’s social and economic reality from economic development, population scale, energy consumption and energy consumption efficiency, and determines the increment of independent variables combined with macroscopic policies, and predicts its 2020 to 2050 Heilongjiang’s appropriate industrial carbon emission under three scenarios, benchmark, low-carbon and highly-energy-consuming. Heilongjiang’s industrial low-carbon development is facing a huge demand for fossil energy and insufficient energy conversion efficient. Among the six factors impacting industrial carbon emission, square of GDP per capita, gross industrial production, industrial energy consumption and energy structure promote its industrial carbon emission, of which industrial energy consumption works the most, while population scale and energy consuming efficiency play on the contrast. Heilongjiang’s industrial carbon emission shows an increasing-then-decreasing evolutionary trend under the all three scenarios, varying in peaking time and heights, 71.35 millions tons in 2030 under the low-carbon scenario, 89.97 millions tons in 2035 under the benchmark scenario, and 123.68 millions tons in 2045 under the highly-energy-consuming scenario. This paper presents suggestions on largely adjusting industrial energy use structure, focusing on energy technical conversion and upgrade, and perfecting low-carbon green policies.

This paper innovatively incorporates microorganism in life community of “mountain-river-forest-farmland-lake-grassland-sand”, combines with regional features and liquor-making industry, and presents the concept of “mountain-river-forest-farmland-microorganism” through the path of “increasing water-improving atmosphere-protecting soil-preserving microorganisms-maintaining ecosystem balance”. Scientifically establishing “water use and management system” in the source to create Maotai Water Circulation Mode of Chishui River. Systematically maintain biodiversity in the source areas to construct a sound management system. Protect soil resources in the brewing areas and key functioning areas to improve ecological barrier. Boost microorganisms test and research in the core area and strictly control inputs of external microorganisms. Implement microscopic eco-environmental carrying capacity in the core area to prevent environmental pollution and to thoroughly protect “mountain-river-forest-farmland-microorganism” ecosystem balance, and to increase ecosystem stability in the producing areas. This paper studies the situation and issues in ecological harness in Maotai’s core brewing areas, presents path and zonation plans, and puts forward 87 detailed restoring projects of 5 categories for the brewing industry and Chishui river’s ecological protection. This paper is a good attempt and practice to the life community of  “mountain-river-forest-farmland-lake-grassland-sand”, helpful to construct an eco-environmental flagship in the liquor-making industry, and offers references for high standard protection and quality development of liquor-making industry.

It is a key step to study China’s low-carbon energy consumption structural trend and to measure its spatial imbalance in advancing energy reform and green development. This paper, based on 2003 to 2020 energy consumption panel data of Chinese provinces/cities, uses Theil Index and spatial auto-correlation to study spatial imbalance and dynamic evolution of China’s low carbon energy consumption structure. The low carbon index of China’s energy consumption structure generally shows a rising trend, up 5.862 in 2020 from 5.298 in 2003. The spatial imbalance of China’s low carbon energy consumption structure is weak, in a rising-then-declining trend indicated by Theil Index. Regional low-carbon energy consumption structure variance largely impacts the overall difference. China’s low-carbon energy consumption structure is of obvious spatial positive correlation with spatial concentrating effect, relatively stably in overall spatial pattern, high-high concentrating in Jiangsu-Zhejiang-Shanghai, weak-weak in southwest and central China. This paper presents suggestions on constructing regional interest union by mutually cooperation, on advancing industrial structure to stimulate social innovation and market, and on optimizing energy industry structure to push energy consumption transformation.

Overviews over references reveal that defects are existing in traditional industrial deviation E coefficient, Theil Index and Shift-Share model. Defects in E coefficient and Theil Index are in calculating principles, and those in Shift-Share model are in rationality of selecting reference system and feasibility of data collection. This paper presents an improved model that is used to study China’s 2012 to 2021 industrial deviation via cases. It concludes that China’s industrial deviation is diminishing. According to the corrected model and combined with the current global environment, this paper suggests that the first industry rely on scientific innovation to promote rural labors’ orderly migration between urban and rural areas and to materialize agricultural scale and modernization, that the second industry needs to be upgraded to reach and maintain an independent and complete industrial system, to inputs more in basic research to outbreak western technical blockage, that the third industry be focusing on financing and scientific education, increasing Hongkong, Shanghai and Beijing’s positions in world financing center, using financial innovation to avoid unfavorable constraints and impacts from global financing system, practicing the strategy for invigorating the country through science and education and exploring educational modes appropriate China’s situation from primary school to university stages.

A coordinated development between advanced manufacturing and productive servicing is a crucial direction for serviced manufacturing, and a vital means for manufacturing ‘s quality development. This paper, aiming at this less studied topic in Sichuan-Chongqing area, uses Logistic symbiotic evolution model with Sichuan-Chongqing ‘s 2005 to 2020 advanced manufacturing and productive servicing data to study their symbiotic evolution from a perspective of industrial interaction. Sichuan-Chongqing ‘s advanced manufacturing is in its mature period, and its productive servicing in its developing period. The both have a symbiotic effect, an asymmetric mutual symbiotic relationship. Impacts of productive servicing on advanced manufacturing are stronger than that of advanced manufacturing on productive servicing. This paper put forward suggestions on constructing industrial coordinating mechanism between advanced manufacturing and productive servicing in Chengdu-Chongqing dual city economic zone, pushing its industrial ecological zone construction, and encouraging talents education in advanced manufacturing-productive servicing related universities-firms. This paper provides references for accurately telling their symbiotic stage of two industries, and making specific industrial policies.

Rapid growth of new low carbon industries like of new electric vehicles and photovoltaic recently leads to a surging demand for aluminum resource, but production of primary aluminum has high energy consumption and large carbon emission, challenging the global climate changes and “dual carbon” goal. This paper uses system dynamics simulation model to forecast China ‘s aluminum resource production/consumption in next decade, and quantitatively evaluates its carbon emission potential under normal, policy and ideal scenarios from a perspective of entire life circle “bauxite-aluminum oxide-primary aluminum-aluminum products-recycling aluminum”, and forecasts the future supply of primary and recycling aluminum. In next decade, aluminum demand will be still fast rising, mainly contributed by the growing new energy vehicles. Transportation will become the largest aluminum consuming sector over construction sector. The premium approach to aluminum carbon reduction is to develop recycling aluminum resource, then to optimize electricity-using structure in electrolytic aluminum.To face a challenging global economic situation, this paper presents suggestions on developing power-saving-environment-protecting primary and recycling metallurgical technologies and methods, increasing development/use and recycling levels of aluminum resource, constructing an effective aluminum resource recycling system, decreasing uncertainty in aluminum resource supply so as to secure China ‘s aluminum resource guaranteeing capacity and to boost a quality development of China ‘s aluminum industry.

County domain is China ‘s vital administrative units. Research of its carbon sequestration capacity can detail its ecological carbon sequestration status and provide references for authorities to make decisions. This paper employes biological volume and InVEST model, the two common ways in carbon sequestration, to estimate carbon reserve and density in Luqiao district, Taizhou city, Zhejiang province, and compares their carbon sequestration levels in county domains and in towns. Luqiao district ‘s carbon reserve is estimated at 186037.44t by biological volume, and at 1580777.19t by InVEST model, which includes that in soils, contributing to the variance. Carbon density, estimated by the two ways, is similar in geographically distributing, suggesting its carbon sequestration capability be high in western, followed by southern and low in central-northern. This paper presents references for county domains to develop resources and to protect ecological environment.

This paper uses producer services data in Yangtze River economic zone to establish a compound weighted concentrating indicator which not only macroscopically stock concentration, but also reflects dynamic increment, and employs natural breakpoint classification, spatial auto-correlation, standard deviation ellipse and spatial metering model to study the spatial pattern evolution and factors of 2000 to 2019 producer services in Yangtze River economic zone. Its producer services shows a “west-low-east-high” concentrating distribution with a diminishing regional variance amid temporal-spatial evolution, and with remarkable localized coherence and spatial heterogeneity. Low-level radiation is mainly located in Hunan, Hubei and eastern Sichuan, high-level in Nanchang, Hangzhou and Shanghai centers. Chongqing, Sichuan and Hubei show a patter of “core-high-majority-low”. Spatially it is a “northeast-southwest” distributing pattern with its internal industries showing three spatial concentrating patterns, more centralized, and new entities favoring concentrating in the down-stream of Yangtze River. Concentration of producer services is variably influenced by human capital, governmental expense, house price, traffics and openness, most by human capital and traffics. This paper presents policy suggestions on promoting producer services in Yangtze River economic zone on the basis of regional heterogeneity and factors.

As economic globalization develops, R&D plays a key role in increasing innovative capacities and booting economic structural optimization. Study on dynamic relation among R&D inputs, innovative performance and economic growth can give us a deep understanding on regional innovative transformation, and provide references on innovative drives changes. This paper uses Shandong’s 2012 to 2020 16 prefectures’ panel data to establish PVAR model, and applies pulse response function and deviation to their interaction among R&D inputs, innovative performance and economic growth, and their variance in Shandong’s three economic zones. R&D inputs show one stage lagging behind economic growth, but faster in capital and Jiandong economic zones with their contributing rates up to 40.1% and 39.8%, respectively. Economic growth plays an adverse role against innovative performance, more in Jiaodong economic zone. Innovative performance promotes economic growth, with a contributing rate up to 85.9% in southern Shandong economic zone. R&D inputs have a low contributing rate to innovative performance, lagging 1 to stages in Jiaodong economic zone. Innovative performance promotes R&D inputs in a lagging 1 stage, but faster in capital and Jiaodong economic zones, with a contributing rate up to 80.4% in southern Shandong economic zone. The results generally show an interactive promotion among economic growth, R&D inputs and innovative performance. In capital economic zone, economic growth and R&D inputs have promoting roles on innovative performance, with a low conversion capacity from economic growth and R&D inputs to innovative performance. In Jiaodong economic zone, an outstanding promoting role exists both between economic growth and R&D inputs, and between R&D inputs and innovative performance, but low in the conversion rate between innovative outputs and economic growth. In southern Shandong economic zone, economic growth and R&D inputs have promotion on innovative performance, but insufficient beneficial interaction among the three.

This paper, based on recognition of urban multiple-centralization spatial structure, analyzes their spatial conglomeration of different functionalities, and studies the expanding trend of suburbanization of downtown’s manufacturing in Shenyang, and presents references for upgrading Shenyang’s downtown manufacturing and urban spatial organization. This paper uses POI data, ArcGIS10.7, GeoDa1.12 and Crimestat 3.3 softwares to identify 2020 urban multiplecentralized spatial structure by means of core density, spatial hotspot conglomeration, standard variance eclipse and spatial auto-correlation, and measures their spatial correlation among different functional facilities, and analyzes the manufacturing conglomeration in 1998, 2008 and 2020. In 2020, Shenyang’s urban spatial structure is characterized by “multiple-centralized, layer-radiated”, forming three-hierarchy urban centralized systems through a urban planning “one-major-four-minor”, generally consistent with Shenyang’s 2011 to 2020 overall urban planning. Besides single center in downtown, each minor city also has itself minor center, corresponding to multiple-centralized urban spatial structure. During 1998 to 2020, manufacturing has been migrating outward from downtown, mainly distributing in the third and forth rings in west and south, like Tiexi new city and Yongan new city. Shenyang’s functional space displays southwest to northeast extension with “center-suburb” urban function system. Spatial correlation exists among different functional districts. Industrial district represented by manufacturing is exclusive with single urban function, having strong spatial correlation among residential, commercial, public administrative and functional facilities as a comprehensive servicing center. This paper presents suggestions for Shenyang on further improving urban functions and optimizing industrial layout, and boosting living services in the industrial district which is of urban core production functions.

HFCV industry is a sustainable direction to fuel transformation and automobile industry; it catches China’s much attention. Due to the lagging fuel electric automobile industry, its operation is still in demonstration. Industrial evolution and changes are directly related to its development strategies and policies on HFCV industry; industrial predictability is a vital basis for a successful industrial policy. This paper, aiming at boosting China’s industrialization process of HFCV and at fulfilling the industrial policies, establishes a systematic dynamics causality model and stock flow model of HFCV in Jiangsu province based on related policies, reference and industrial plannings, which have been validated. Its evolutional trend and scenarios simulation and policy also reveal the impacts of different financial allowance policies on this sector. Under the current policies, it is hard to reach the 2030 objectives on HFCV stock and hydrogen fuel stations in that the purchase allowance policies have little impact on sales. Decreasing hydrogen price and increasing hydrogen fuel stations can boost this sector’s scale and industrialization. Gas-hydrogen stations, lower in cost, can have a better operating performance in meeting the demands of hydrogen compared with hydrogen stations. This paper presents suggestions on increasing inputs on HFCV industry, adjusting allowance policies, optimizing financial allowance allocation, focusing on hydrogen energy infrastructure construction, especially the hydrogen stations, decreasing purchase allowance. This also gives proposals on demonstrating purchase inputs at the prior stage, intensifying hydrogen(gas-hydrogen) station construction at the later stage. This study provides helpful references for governments to make appropriate industrial policies on HFCV industry.

Yellow River stream is entering a period of ecological protection and quality development. Study on the coupling coordination between its industrial green low-carbon transformation and quality economic development is of significance in reaching the goals. This paper applies temporal-spatial range entropy weights to estimate Yellow River stream’s 2009 to 2019 industrial green low-carbon transformation and quality economic development levels, and uses calibrated coupling coordination model to measure their coordination, and employs Dagum Gini coefficient and decomposition to study the regional variance between industrial green low-carbon transformation and quality economic development with Kernel density estimation dispatched to study its dynamics. Its industrial green low-carbon transformation level is at 0.449, and quality economic development level at 0.490, with annual growth rate at 5.84% and 7.1%, respectively, overall in a upgrading trend, but industrial green low-carbon transformation is notably behind its quality economic development. Their coordination level is low at 0.55, with annual growth rate at 3.2%, 0.629 in 2019, a turning point from off coordinated to preliminarily coordinated. The both are not at the same pace in coordination with coupling coordination showing a spatial distribution of “high-in-lower stream, middle-in-middle stream and low-in-upper stream”, 0.59, 0.561 and 0.529, respectively. Their overall spatial variance is diminishing, primarily contributed by their regional variance with a contributing value at 46.97%, secondarily by the internal variance with a contributing value at 33.54%. This paper presents suggestions on constructing regional green low-carbon industrial system, exploring differentiated policies and boosting trans-stream cooperation.

Guangdong province has surging demand for energy consumption as it speeds up its industrialization and new urbanization, leaving key points on how to adjust provincial energy consumption structure, boost intensive and clean use of energy and decrease carbon emission as Guangdong’s responses to “Dual Carbon Strategy”. This paper analyzes the dynamic changes of energy consumption in each sectors in Guangdong province from multiple perspectives,  explores their ecological relations of sectors in energy consumption networks,  and presents scientific theoretical basis and policy recommendations for Guangdong to make differentiated energy saving consumption reducing policies regarding its “Five-in-One” overall layout. By collecting the input-output tables and energy consumption lists of Guangdong province in 2007, 2012 and 2017, this paper relies on input-output theory and ecological network analysis. By constructing an input-output ecological network model, the direct and indirect energy consumption of 26 sectors in the social and economic system of Guangdong, the energy flow among the sectors and the ecological relationship among the sectors were quantitatively analyzed and evaluated. From the perspective of direct energy consumption, transportation, warehousing, and postal industry(S24)and manufacture of metal smelting and rolling processing(S13)are key industries that policy makers need to pay special attention to, while indirect energy consumption caused by heavy industries such as chemical industry(S11)and manufacture of nonmetal mineral products(S12)cannot be ignored. A strong correlation exists between construction(S23)and manufacture of nonmetal mineral products(S12)with a coexisting index less than 1 in energy consumption system, suggesting a sub-healthy system. A strong control and reliance is displayed between the secondary and the tertiary industries, which needs a coordinated development while encouraging industrial transformation. This paper presents suggestions for Guangdong on executing energy saving consumption reducing approaches both in production and consumption sides, and increasing the utilization rate of inter-medium products and developing recycling economy. A trans-sector cooperative energy saving system is proposed to promote a shift in energy saving consumption reducing from single sector to multiple sectors.

As an agricultural giant, China’s surging needs of phosphorous fertilizer to guarantee its crop security leads to mass of the industrial solid waste phosphogypsum during production of phosphorous acid and fertilizer, which harms the environment if dumping in the long term. China began to vigorously promote the resource utilization of phosphogypsum in 2018, and formulated and issued a number of encouraging policies. However, the comprehensive utilization rate of phosphogypsum is still low up to now, and the resource utilization market still needs to be continuously constructed and improved. In this paper, based on the problem of unclear production quantity of phosphogypsum in China, the product/waste coefficient method was used to estimate the output of phosphogypsum in China from 1957 to 2019 based on the output of phosphogypsum in “China Industrial Statistical Yearbook”, after field investigation and analysis in Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Hubei, Anhui and other provinces, Guizhou province, which has a good comprehensive performance in the utilization of phosphogypsum resources, was selected as the key research object, the material flow analysis was carried out, and the material metabolism graph of phosphogypsum resource utilization was drawn. Temporally,  Guizhou has a rising resource utilization trend of phosphogypsum with a utilization ratio at 58.80% in 2018 to 107.37% in 2020, marking a start point for Guizhou uses the historically-dumping phosphogypsum solid waste. As for the resource utilization means, Guizhou consumes phosphogypsum up to 964.5kt, 360.4kt, 330.9kt and 234.8kt from underground backfilling, acid making and other chemical utilization, construction materials and cement retardant in the first quarter of 2021, with a comprehensive use rate up to 55.02%, still at the preliminary use stage of low added-values and small scale. This paper, based on site investigation, studies the material metabolism rule of phosphogypsum in the whole life cycle from production to resource utilization, and reveals the key issues in its raw materials, technology, products and policies, and from the perspective of government, enterprises, consumers and other stakeholders, targeted policy suggestions are put forward, hoping to provide scientific theoretical basis for the accurate management and resource utilization of phosphogypsum in China, also provides a scientific reference for controlling other mass solid wastes under the background of circular economy, zero-waste cities and carbon reduction.

China’s economy is shifting from rapid growth to quality development, causing China’s gold industry to shift away from the previous extensive development pattern based on scale and speed. In this paper, we developed a method for conducting a one-year quantitative material flow analysis in China’s mainland for 2019, based on statistical data and previous studies, for a better understanding of the current situation in the social-economic metabolism of gold. The funding allows us to gain a better understanding of the domestic gold cycle, which includes production, fabrication and manufacturing, use, and waste management. According to the findings, 1 015t of refined gold flowed from the production stage to the fabrication and manufacturing stage, with 900t lost as tailings and slag. In the fabrication and manufacturing stage, 781t of gold is imported, 1 706t of fined gold entered into the use stage, and 90t of gold dissipated. China’s gold supply suffered a high external dependence of 52.5% in 2019. In the use stage, total gold demand was 1 641t, of which consumption was 1 003t. Gold jewelry accounted for 67.4% of the consumption. At the waste management stage, China recovered 465t of refined gold in 2019, making up for 27% of the total supply. China’s gold production primarily relies on mining, secondarily on metallurgical byproducts, which was rising up to 16% in 2019 from 9% in 2000, indicating that the domestic gold industry’s intensity is gradually improving. China has had a great demand and high external dependence on gold. In recent years, China’s industrial gold consumption has increased rapidly. Domestic gold demand will continue to rise as the electronic industry develops. Recycled gold accounts for a significant portion of domestic gold supply, particularly golden jewelry recycling, which has greater economic benefits than industrial gold recycling, which requires further technological and industrial chain enhancement.

China’s natural resources administration system has provide a vital guarantee for natural resources use and protection over the past decades as a booster to ecological civilization construction, but it still has shortages in lack of rights and responsibilities and in overlapping of leadership and management, leading to lots of issues in unclear ownership subject of natural resources, fuzzy boundary of right confirmation and insufficient protection of property rights. This paper uses property rights theory to analyze the evolution of China’s natural resources administration system under guideline of “the 14th Five-Year Plan”and “2035 Outlook”, establishes a research framework of “system evolution-issues discussion-approach optimization”, and applies Pigovian tax, Coase Theorem, and new system economics theory to qualitative analysis of the natural resources assets property rights system optimization direction. Its evolution of natural resources administration system shows a clarifying ownership at a trend of separation of ownership and using right. Governments as the administrator of market shall uses power to mark market limit and make marketing rules. System performance is mainly related to the gaming between governments and markets, which may be promoted by optimizing the property rights system of “affiliation-rights & responsibilities-protection-transfer-supervision”. The research concludes that in order to improve the natural resources assets property rights system in our country, we should clarify the property rights, and realize the property rights in the legal subject clearly relying on the regulatory effect of the classification agent system. The content of registration and accounting should be clarified, and the information management platform of natural resources assets should be built to accurately grasp the assets, and use the ecological protection compensation mechanism to support the protection system, strengthen the intensity of protection, guarantee market transactions. Marketized trading platform shall be used to improve the allocating efficiency of natural resources, to transfer asset stock to asset increment. Supervision system shall be improved in all process which limits governmental power lists to avoid governmental monopoly.

Second-hand electric materials refer to those used electric devices with problems made by irresistible causes, which can be saleable, restorable and usable. Management of second-hand electric materials is a key task in power companies. This paper, aiming at boosting used electric materials management and appropriately using used materials, studies the issues existing in the management of used electric materials in power companies,and presents value evaluation of used electric materials based on featured pricing model which overcomes the errors of traditional methods without considering the price changes of new materials.Linear function is used to calculate the price of electric materials with which featured pricing model is established. Principal component analysis is employed to quantitatively evaluate the values of second-hand electric materials. Flowchart is designed; factors and pricing history are also used to establish a regression forecast model.All factors are placed in a temporal order, which are used to evaluate the value of used electric materials based on featured pricing model. To validate this model, a simulating test is designed to compare with a traditional method. Results show an accuracy of about 95%, obviously higher than the traditional way, and fast speed, always less than 3 minutes, 1 minute at minimum, suggesting this method is effective. 

This paper uses theory and cases to clarify the relationship between southwestern industrial structural optimization and environmental regulations, aiming at providing reference for efficiently using resources during the new era. Evaluation index system of environmental regulations is used to estimate the environmental regulation intensity in Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou and Yunnan based on their 2005 to 2019 panel data, with panel fixed effect model to analyze the factors of southwestern industrial structural optimization and impacting paths of environmental regulations, which is tested through threshold model. Substituted variables method is used to detect the robustness of the results. Environmental regulations intensity in southwest is in increasing trend. Industrial structure is optimized by economic growth and international trade, but negatively impacted by foreign direct investment, and little by technical innovation. Impacts of environmental regulations on industrial structural optimization display a “U-shaped” relation, a little from technical advances, international trade and foreign direct investment. Southwestern environmental regulations intensity is appropriately to be set at 0.67-1.56. This paper puts forward suggestions on increasing investment on environmental protection, determining rational environmental regulations intensity, establishing performance evaluation administration to keep abreast of the effects of environmental regulations.

This paper used system dynamics model to draw causal loop diagram and establish flow stock model, with economy, population, housing, environment, public administration as urban land use factors, and tests their simulated results from 2004 to 2018, and simulates the urban system from 2018 to 2033. Results show a discordant population-land relation will continue to exist in Changchun. Constructed area per capita increases by 47.9% from 2019 to 2033 in Changchun,and total population will be up to 4.483 92 million in Changchun downtown in 2033. Population migration is sensitive to educational resources, rather than gross value of industrial output and medical resource inputs. In Changchun city's land use structure, housing land proportion will be enlarged to 32.88%; industrial land proportion will be diminished to 18.33%; urban transportation land proportion will be first increased and then decreased, and park green land proportion will be stably at 4.33% in 2033. Under scenarios of increasing educational expenses and increasing industrial growth rate, construction area per capita decreases by 5.47% and 3.97%, which mitigates the population-land conflict. Under scenarios of increasing industrial population proportion and increasing housing growth rate, construction area per capita increases by 3.96% and 0.84%, which will not change the situation of population urbanization speed less than land urbanization speed. This paper presents suggestions on improving public administrative services, decreasing housing costs, and stabilizing urban population and attracting talents to realize a balance among urban economy, society and land use.

Improving rural living environment and realizing its sustainable development is a key task for China's new rural construction, vital for implementation of a rural revitalization strategy.This paper, based on sustainable development theory of rural living environment, uses factor breakdown structure and subjective/objective weighing to establish an evaluation index system for sustainable development of rural living environment from the perspective of natural and social resources, and applies development level (sustainable development potential), coordination index (sustainable development trend) to set up a measurement model, which is employed to comprehensively evaluate their sustainable development level and spatial pattern of 11 provinces' rural living environment in Yangtze River Economic Zone with an attempt to improve the sustainable development level of rural living environment and to increase regional balanced development. ArcGIS is used to classify development level into four categories, high, relatively high, relatively low and low, and development coordination degree into three, high, moderate and low. Clustering features are analyzed at overall and local levels from auto-correlation perspective with causes explained from resource allocation and development. Results show a regional imbalance, with sustainable development level of rural living environment, high in the east and low in the west, and development coordination, high in the central and low in the west. Sustainable development level of rural living environment is of outstanding global and local clustering/dispersing features with eco-environment and economy systems of strongest spatial clustering, and social culture system of strongest dispersing. High-level hot spots of sustainable development are concentrating on Yangtze River Delta and low-level cold spots on Yunnan and Guizhou. This paper presents suggestions on orderly conducting economic activities, enhancing environmental and cultural construction, overall planning regional development in order to optimize rural living environment.

Stream is composed of several main and tributary streams, an interactive and complicated system. Stream water pollution and eco-environmental issues need a cooperation of main streams and tributary streams. Most studies are focused on water pollution prevention and controls of upper-to down-stream, less on the cooperation of main and tributary streams, which is hard to conduct a whole-stream cooperative water pollution control. This paper, aiming at a systematic solution to trans-boundary stream water pollution, presents a whole-stream water pollution control which extends upper-to down-stream water pollution control to main and tributary streams, on which evolution and factors of governmental decision are analyzed. Based on a gambling evolution model, this paper establishes a triple governmental gambling return matrix and a dynamic equation, discusses a stable evolution path under compensation-reward mechanism, and analyzes the stability conditions of gambling balancing strategy. Numeric simulation is used to study the pollution migration coefficient, rewards of main stream government to tributary stream government and initial pollution control will. Results show that the major factor among tributary governments, the bigger pollution migration coefficient in one tributary stream, the lower will of the other tributary streams to control pollution. If the coefficient is larger than the critical value, the other tributary governments prefer to do nothing. The higher initial will to control pollution of the tributary government, the larger the coefficient. Factors between main stream and tributary stream governments are compensation and rewards of main stream government to tributary steam government, and ecological compensation of tributary stream government to main stream government, the more rewards, the higher will to control pollution. This paper provides references for main and tributary stream governments to make ecological compensation and rewarding mechanism to reach pollution control and emission reduction. 

As the largest source of anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, cities are the basic unit and important space carrier to promote carbon emission reduction. In the face of increasingly severe climate challenges, on one hand, the degree of cooperation among cities is not enough, and most cities choose to conduct urban GHG emission accounting and formulate mitigation policies independently; on the other hand, there are still differences in accounting boundary, accounting content and double counting, types of GHG, and accounting methods among different urban GHG emission accounting guidelines, which increases the complexity of urban GHG emission accounting and is not conducive to the comparison of GHG emission accounting results among cities. The methodological framework for urban GHIG emission accounting is the basis for understanding and evaluating urban GHG emissions. In this paper, we reviewed the domestic and foreign urban GHG accounting standards, databases and cases, which covered the comparison and difference analysis of international urban GHG accounting standards, the application research of three different city-level GHG emission accounting perspectives (including accounting based on administrative division boundaries, cross-border infrastructure, and urban consumption respectively). The core of domestic urban and regional GHG accounting guidelines are clearly proposed to establish a framework of urban GHG emission accounting methods that are prioritized for domestic benchmarks. In the new framework, scopes 1-3 in the framework represents the urban GHG emissions from different perspectives, and reflects the urban GHG emissions to the maximum extent. The indispensability and comparability of Scope 1 emissions within administrative divisions are emphasized. Importantly, the accounting for Scope 2 and Scope 3 emissions is a specific supplement to the urban GHG emissions that are matched to fully meet the actual needs of the city. The framework solves some of the pain points. For example, the accounting boundary is within the boundary of China administrative divisions, covering 7 types of greenhouse gases, and scopes 1-3 are for different accounting emission subjects. In view of the emission sources not covered or disputed by the current urban GHG accounting guidelines, difficulty of data acquisition, uncertainty and so on, the author believes that these problems can be addressed by means of scientific and technological progress, and the impact on the urban GHG emission accounting is not major, but for the long-term development of the city, these pain points must be deeply considered and solved by the decision-making managers. It is necessary to incorporate them into the framework at first, and then gradually solve them. Benchmarking-oriented GHG accounting framework can help decision-making managers understand the flow of embodied GHG emissions between cities, determine appropriate emission reduction policies, and meanwhile consider and plan low-carbon transition paths, optimize urban management methods, and promote exchanges and cooperation between cities from the perspective of GHG emissions. Finally, this paper points out that the effective implementation of the framework requires the linkage of the whole society, multi-industry and cross-department, the overall government-enterprise-people-commerce cooperation, the close industry-university-research cooperation.